Banco deve indenizar por consignado não autorizado
Uma aposentada, que teve crédito consignado depositado em sua conta sem o seu consentimento, deverá ser indenizada por instituição bancária em R$ 10 mil por danos morais. Em virtude do empréstimo não solicitado, ela teve parcelas descontadas de sua aposentadoria. O banco deverá também restituir em dobro os valores descontados indevidamente. A decisão é da 15ª Câmara Cível do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais (TJMG).
Em primeira instância, sentença da Comarca de Januária julgou procedentes os pedidos da aposentada e determinou a anulação do contrato, a condenação do banco ao pagamento de R$ 10 mil por danos morais à aposentada bem como a restituição em dobro dos valores descontados de seu benefício previdenciário.
Inconformado, o banco recorreu da decisão alegando que, no caso, houve a livre contratação, sem vícios ou nulidades, não havendo que se falar em indenização, qualquer que seja a natureza, moral ou material, pois nenhum dano efetivamente ocorreu ou foi comprovado. Salientou que, no momento da contratação, a aposentada obteve plena e total ciência das cláusulas inerentes aos contratos e do compromisso que passava a assumir perante o banco. Já a aposentada pediu a manutenção da sentença.
Em seu voto, o relator da ação, desembargador Maurílio Gabriel, destacou que, conforme os autos, a aposentada constatou um depósito de R$ 8 mil em sua conta, de origem desconhecida, e, diante disso, procurou o INSS para verificar o que estava acontecendo, ocasião em que concluiu que o banco realizou empréstimo consignado em seu nome, sem o seu consentimento e participação, cujo valor da parcela descontado mensalmente era de R$ 261,72.
O relator observou que para que um negócio jurídico consolidado por pessoa analfabeta tenha validade é necessário que tenha sido firmado por meio de instrumento público ou por intermédio de procurador constituído que possua outorga de poderes por instrumento público, o que não aconteceu. Ressaltou que, no caso, a rescisão contratual é medida que se impõe.
Ainda em seu voto, o desembargador concluiu que o banco não agiu com os cuidados devidos, pois foi, no mínimo, negligente ao não verificar que a parte autora não contraiu empréstimo, principalmente pelo fato de se tratar de pessoa analfabeta. Para o magistrado, a existência de débito, gerado por engano do banco, causou dano à autora, na medida em que ficou privada de receber a integralidade de seu modesto benefício previdenciário.
O magistrado argumentou que o banco realizou contrato com terceiro, acreditando ser a parte autora, sem, contudo, observar a forma prescrita em lei, por se tratar esta de pessoa analfabeta, o que ensejou a rescisão contratual ante a existência de fraude. Dessa forma, entendeu que o montante descontado indevidamente deve ser restituído à autora em dobro e manteve o valor da indenização por danos morais em R$ 10 mil.
Votaram de acordo com o relator os desembargadores Antônio Bispo e José Américo Martins da Costa.
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